Characteristics of ionic compounds 1. Physical state : (i) Electrovalent compounds are generally crystalline in nature. (ii) These compounds are generally made from ions which are arranged in a regular way as a crystal lattice.
Quantum Numbers The set of four numbers which give a complete information about the electron in an atom – i.e. its energy, position, momentum, spin etc. are called Quantum Numbers. These are briefly explained here:
Hydrogen Spectrum If an electric discharge is passed through hydrogen gas taken in a discharge tube under low pressure, and the emitted radiation is analyzed with the help of spectrograph, it is found to consist
Rutherford’s Model Rutherford conducted his famous alpha-scattering experiment which was the first definitive experiment to establish the basic structure of atom, specially the discovery of nucleus containing protons and neutrons. To check the conclusions of
Wave Particle Duality: Introduction Even after so much of comprehensive analysis Bohr failed to deliver a well suited model although many of the postulates given by Bohr are still true. Now more focus shifted to
Planck’s Quantum Theory According to this theory, energy is emitted in form of radiations from a source in a discontinuous manner that is in form of packets of energy. And energy of each packet depends
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Now with the wave nature associated with the moving electron it became increasingly difficult to locate an electron inside the atom and calculate its velocity. A particle occupies a particular location but
Dalton’s Atomic Theory (Postulates) The various postulates of this primitive theory were: (i) Atom was considered as a hard, dense and smallest indivisible particle of matter (ii) Each element consists of a particular kind of
Bohr’s Atomic Model Bohr based his model on the observations of atomic spectrum of hydrogen. He gave the following postulates: 1. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular orbits also called “Energy Levels” or “Shells”.
